The United Arab Emirates was founded on 2 December 1971, when six emirates — Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain and Fujairah — united under the leadership of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan. Ras Al Khaimah joined in 1972. Before unification, the region was known as the Trucial States under British protection. The discovery of oil in the late 1950s transformed the economy from pearl diving and fishing into one of the world's fastest-growing nations. Today the UAE balances deep Bedouin heritage with futuristic ambition — home to the world's tallest building, busiest international airport and most diverse expat population (88% of residents).
Emirati culture is rooted in hospitality (karam), respect for elders, and family. Arabic coffee (gahwa) and dates are offered to guests as a sign of welcome — accept with your right hand. The traditional dress — kandura for men, abaya and shayla for women — is widely worn by locals. Greet with 'As-salamu alaykum' (peace be upon you). Avoid public displays of affection, loud behaviour in public, and never photograph people (especially women) without permission. Friday is the holy day; weekends run Saturday–Sunday since January 2022.
Religion & cultural norms
Islam is the official religion and shapes daily life — you'll hear the call to prayer (adhan) five times a day. The UAE is exceptionally tolerant: churches, temples, gurdwaras and synagogues operate openly. Non-Muslims can drink alcohol in licensed venues and at home with a permit. Dress modestly in public places (shoulders and knees covered, especially in malls and government buildings); swimwear is fine at pools and beaches. Pork is sold in dedicated supermarket sections. Same-sex relationships and cohabitation rules have been modernised since 2020 but discretion is still expected.
Official paid holidays include New Year's Day (1 Jan), Eid Al Fitr (~3 days), Arafah Day & Eid Al Adha (~4 days), Islamic New Year (1 day), Prophet Muhammad's Birthday (1 day), Commemoration Day (1 Dec) and National Day (2–3 Dec). Islamic holidays follow the lunar calendar and are confirmed by the moon-sighting committee a few days in advance. Expect long weekends and heavy traffic on the eve of every holiday — book flights and restaurants well ahead.
Ramadan is the holy month of fasting from dawn (Fajr) to sunset (Maghrib). Even as a non-Muslim, you'll feel its rhythm everywhere. Working hours are legally reduced by 2 hours/day for all employees. Eating, drinking, smoking or chewing gum in public during daylight is prohibited and can result in a fine — most malls have screened-off food courts that remain open. Restaurants serve Iftar (sunset meal) from Maghrib with elaborate buffets, and Suhoor (pre-dawn meal) tents run late into the night. Music, loud behaviour and revealing clothing should be toned down. The atmosphere is festive after sunset — markets, lights, family gatherings. Ramadan ends with Eid Al Fitr, a 3-day celebration.
